|
|
|
|
|
AU01 |
AU02 |
AU2A |
|
|
|
|
|
AU03 |
AU04 |
AU05 |
|
|
|
|
|
AU06 |
AU07 |
AU08 |
|
|
|
|
|
AU09 |
AU10 |
AU10A |
|
|
|
|
|
AU10B |
AU10C |
AU10D |
|
|
|
|
|
AU10E |
AU11 |
AU12 |
|
|
|
|
|
AU13 |
AU14 |
AU15 |
|
|
|
|
|
AU16 |
AU17 |
AU18 |
|
|
|
|
|
AU19 |
AU20 |
AU21 |
|
|
|
|
|
AU22 |
AU23 |
AU24 |
|
|
|
|
|
AU25 |
AU26 |
AU27 |
|
|
|
|
|
AU28 |
AU29 |
AU30 |
|
|
|
|
|
AU31 |
AU32 |
AU33 |
|
|
|
|
|
AU34 |
AU35 |
When Captain James Cook of the Endeavour sailed into Botany Bay in 1770, claiming the Australian landmass for King George III, he set in motion events which would lead to around 8.9% of the Australian population claiming Scottish ancestry by 2011 (some 1,792,600 people!). Cook’s own father had been from the Scottish Borders. Scotland could even claim the first European to die in Australia, the Orcadian sailor Forbey Sutherland (hence Sutherland Point in Sydney Harbour). The first wave of Scots settlers arrived a few years later, after the arrival of a British fleet in 1788. Second in command of the expedition was one Captain John Hunter of Leith. Hunter went on to become the second governor of the new colony in “New South Wales”, and the Hunter River and Hunter’s Hill in Sydney all bear his name. The fifth governor was also Scottish, Lachlan Macquarie from the Hebrides, who served from 1810-21, whose mausoleum on Mull proclaims him to be the Father of Australia. During his tenure there was a shift away from using New South Wales as merely a penal colony. In all, just 5% of the convicts dispatched to Australian were Scots, but the development of the colonies soon began to attract more willing immigrants.
Many of those who went willingly to Australia in the early nineteenth century were lowland landowners or farm workers, and there was a particular draw from Edinburgh and the east coast towns in Scotland. These were families willing to work hard and improve the land, using their education and contacts to develop commercial opportunities and support trade. Economic pressures in Scotland saw a rise in working-class emigration from the 1830s, and by the middle of the nineteenth century Scots accounted for nearly a quarter of the European population in Australia. The tradition of Scottish migration to Australia continued thereafter.
The Scottish tradition is in fact very much alive in Australia to this day. Whilst the historical legacy can be seen in place names such as Brisbane (named after Macquarie’s successor from Ayrshire) and Perth, the living legacy is visible in the many highland gatherings, tartan day celebrations, and Burns statues. As was their common rule, Scottish migrants also took with them their Presbyterian faith and their education, and there are many Scots schools and colleges which maintain those traditions today.
Nuair a sheòl an Caiptean Seumas Cook air an Endeavour a-steach dha Botany Bay ann an 1770, a’ dleasadh tomad-fearainn Astràilia don Rìgh Seòras III, chuir e tachartasan an gnìomh a leanadh air adhart gu timcheall air 8.9% de dh’àireamh-sluaigh Astràilia ag agairt sinnsearachd Albannach ro 2011 (mu 1,792,600 neach!). Bha athair Cook fhèin à Crìochan na h-Alba. B’ urrainn do dh’Alba fiù ’s a ràdh gun robh a’ chiad Eòrpach a bhàsaich ann an Astràilia à Alba, an seòladair Arcach, Forbey Sutharlanach (mar sin Rubha Shutharlan ann an Cala Sydney).
Thàinig a’ chiad àireamh de Luchd-tuineachaidh Albannach beagan bhlaidhnaichean às dèidh sin an dèidh do loingeas Breatannach ruighinn ann an 1788. B’ e an Caiptean Iain Mac an t-Sealgair (deas) à Lìte an Iar-Chommandair air an turas. Chaidh Mac an t-Sealgair air adhart gu bhith mar an dàrna riaghladair air coloinidh ùr “New South Wales” agus tha Abhainn Mhic an t-Sealgair agus Cnoc Mhic an t-Sealgair ann an Sydney air an ainmeachadh às a dhèidh. Bha an còigeamh riaghladair à Alba cuideachd, Lachlann MacGuaire à Innse Gall, a bha san dreuchd bho 1810-21, agus tha an crùisle-tiodhlacaidh aige ann am Muile ag aithris gu follaiseach gur e Athair Astràilia a bh’ ann. Aig àm a ghabhaltais an sin, bha gluasad air falbh bho bhith a’ cleachdadh New South Wales dìreach mar choloinidh peanais. Gu h-iomlan, cha robh ach mu 5% de na h-eucoraich a chuireadh air falbh gu Astràilia nan Albannaich, ach cha robh e fada gus an do thòisich leasachadh nan coloinidhean a’ tarraing barrachd is barrachd in-imrich.
Bha mòran den fheadhainn a chaidh a dh’Astràilia gan deòin tràth san naoidheamh linn deug nan sealbhadairean fearainn no nan oibrichean tuathanais à Galltachd na h-Alba, agus bha tarraing sònraichte à Dùn Èideann agus às na bailtean air costa an ear Alba. B’ iad sin teaghlaichean a bha deònach obair cruaidh agus am fearann a leasachadh, a’ cleachdadh an cuid foghlaim agus an luchd-dàimh gus cothroman coimearsalta a leasachadh agus taic a chur ri malairt. Chunnaic duilgheadasan eaconamach ann an Alba àrdachadh ann an às-imrich de dhaoine cumanta bho na 1830an, agus aig meadhan na naoidheamh linn deug bha Albannaich a’ cunntadh airson faisg air cairteal den àireamh-sluaigh Eòrpach ann an Astràilia. Lean an traidisean de dh’imrich cuain à Alba a dh’Astràilia air adhart às dèidh sin. Tha an traidisean Albannach glè bheò ann an Astràilia gus an latha an-diugh. Ged a tha an dìleab eachdraidheil ri faicinn ann an ainmean àiteachan leithid Brisbane (air ainmeachadh às dèidh an fhir à Siorrachd Àir a lean MacGuaire) agus Peairt (clì), tha an dìleab bheò ri faicinn ge-tà anns na diofar chruinneachaidhean Gàidhealach, subhachasan làithean tartain, agus ìomhaighean Burns. Mar a bha na riaghailt choitcheann aca, thug imrichean à Alba leotha cuideachd an creideamh Clèireach agus am foghlam, agus tha mòran sgoiltean is colaistean Albannach ann a tha a’ cumail ris na nòsan sin gus an latha an-diugh.